The Crucial Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes, Part 2
How do Probiotics improve blood glucose levels?
Probiotics improve disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating the structure of the gut microbiota, the function of intestinal epithelial cells, and the immune system.
Endogenous GLP-1 secretion can improve type 2 diabetes.
In the treatment of diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by intestinal L cells, is an important target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It can promote the endogenous secretion of insulin in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. When blood glucose rises, GLP-1 binds to the GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic β cells, stimulating insulin secretion and lowering blood glucose. At the same time, it can also inhibit the secretion of glucagon by pancreatic α cells, further reducing blood glucose.
Probiotics can regulate the balance of the gut flora, stimulate the intestine to secrete more GLP-1, thereby reducing or replacing the supplementation of exogenous GLP-1 drugs, endogenously promoting insulin production, adjusting blood glucose disorders in the body, and maintaining it within a normal and stable range.
Bioyitech Experiment
Screening of strains that promote GLP-1 secretion
Bioyitech focuses on functional probiotic strains that improve "glucose and lipid metabolism" and is committed to improving endogenous metabolic capacity through probiotics. It is the focus of BioyitechYike's research to explore probiotics that can stimulate endogenous GLP-1 secretion and explore their mechanisms, and it is also a key condition for BioyitechYike to screen "blood sugar-lowering" strains.
In vitro screening of probiotics with the ability to regulate GLP-1 secretion
By constructing STC-1 cells, the ability of probiotics to regulate GLP-1 was measured. It was observed that the GLP-1 secretion of the Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 group was the highest, at 19.66±0.18ng/ml, and the effect was the most significant. LactiplantiBacillus plantarum YZX21 was not much different, and it followed closely behind. Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 had a significant effect on the gene expression of GCG and PC3, with an upregulation of more than 2 times, which was significantly higher than that of other groups, indicating that Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 are the two strains we screened for high expression of GLP-1!
Effects of F1-7 and YZX21 on blood glucose in type 2 diabetes
The fasting blood glucose (＞7.0 mmol/L) and postprandial blood glucose (＞11.1 mmol/L) of diabetic mice were significantly increased; after supplementing with probiotics, the fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose of the mice were significantly reduced, and the fasting blood glucose of the F1-7 intervention group decreased from 12.26 mmol/L to 7.13 mmol/L, with a reduction rate of 41.84%. The postprandial blood glucose level decreased from 24.68 mmol/L to 10.95 mmol/L, with a reduction rate of 47.53%, which was close to the normal level. Further, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to detect the function of pancreatic β cells in the body, and the area under the blood glucose curve of the diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group; after supplementing with probiotics, the glucose tolerance improvement effect was best in the F1-7 group, followed by the YZX21 group.
F1-7 and YZX21 not only improve the gene expression of endogenous GLP-1, but also can restore the damaged cell morphology.
The volume of pancreatic cells in diabetic mice was reduced, indicating that the intervention of Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 could restore cell morphology.
The insulin signal in diabetic mice was reduced, and glucagon in the islets increased. This indicates that Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion.
Effects of F1-7 and YZX21 on GLP-1 secretion and gene expression in type 2 diabetes
The GLP-1 content in the intestine of diabetic mice was reduced, and the F1-7 group could increase the gene expression of GCG and PC3, restore the number of GLP-1 positive cells, and increase the GLP-1 content in the colon from 4.23 pmol/L to 11.65 pmol/L. YZX21 was also similar, indicating that F1-7 and YZX21 can improve type 2 diabetes by regulating intestinal GLP-1 secretion.
In summary, Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 can protect pancreatic cells, improve insulin secretion, and reduce insulin resistance in the body.
The above experimental data show that BioyitechYike Bifidobacterium animalis F1-7 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YZX21 can increase the secretion of endogenous GLP-1 and improve type 2 diabetes through the functional target of GLP-1.